Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author /Year | Country/ Period | Entry criteria | Study design | Treatment protocol | Patients (male) | Median age (years) | AML type | ECOG PS | Cytogenetics risk category | CR | CR/ CRi | ORR (CR/CRi + MLFS) | 30-day mortality | Median OS (months) | Median follow-up time (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cherry 2021 [6] | United States/2007–2020 | ND-AML without CBF-AML | retrospective | VEN- AZA | 143 (72) | 69.5 (22–91) | De novo:57 Secondary:59 Treatment-related:27 Prior HMAs:17 | NA | Favorable: 24; Intermediate:24; adverse: 93; unknown: 2 | 89 | 102 | 110 | 7 | 16.1 | 26.9 |
IC (7 + 3 ± other agent; Ara-C ± clofarabine; FLAG ± idarubicin; CPX-351) | 149 (78) | 52.7 (19–81) | De novo:92 Secondary:42 Treatment-related:15 Prior HMAs:15 | NA | Favorable: 23; Intermediate:24; adverse:60; unknown:42 | 98 | 100 | 105 | 8 | 29.5 | 56.5 | ||||
Maiti 2021 [7] | United States/ 2000–2019 | ND-AML | Retrospective (PSM) | VEN- DEC | 85 (45) | 72 (69–78) | De novo:55 Secondary:15 Treatment-related:16 | 0–1: 55; 2: 30 | Favorable:0; Intermediate:44; adverse:40 | 52 | 69 | NA | 1 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
IC (regimens containing Ara-C 1 g/m2/d) | 85 (48) | 73 (67–76) | De novo:59 Secondary:9 Treatment-related:19 | 0–1: 58; 2: 27 | Favorable:0; Intermediate:33; adverse:52 | 36 | 44 | NA | 20 | 5 | 81.2 | ||||
Matthews 2023 [8] | United States/ 2017–2021/ UPHS; EHR | ND-AML | retrospective | VEN- HMAs | 488 (284) | 71 (60–75) | De novo:104 Secondary: 312 Therapy-related: 72 | 0: 112; 1–2:269; Missing: 107 | Favorable:45; Intermediate 62 Adverse:258; Missing: 123 | NA | NA | NA | 24 | 10 | 13 |
IC (7 + 3) | 312 (175) | 67 (60–70) | De novo: 159 Secondary: 140 Therapy-related:13 | 0: 71; 1–2: 146; Missing: 95 | Favorable:59; Intermediate: 89; Adverse:99; Missing: 65 | NA | NA | NA | 10 | 22 | 13 | ||||
Matthews 2022 [9] | United States/ 2017–2021 UPHS; EHR | ND-AML | retrospective | VEN- AZA | 439 (248) | 75 (36–88) | De novo:226 Secondary:150 Therapy-related:63 | 0–1: 62; 2–4: 197; Missing: 181 | Favorable:34; Intermediate: 117 Adverse: 172; Missing:116 | 75 | 188 | NA | 22 | 11 | 8.8 |
IC (CPX-351) | 217 (105) | 67 (21–82) | De novo:63 Secondary:104 Therapy-related:50 | 0–1: 31; 2–4: 72; Missing: 116 | Favorable:15; Intermediate:64 Adverse:92; Missing: 46 | 27 | 108 | NA | 11 | 13 | 13.4 | ||||
Zeidan 2023 [17] | United States/2018–2021/EHR | ND-AML | retrospective (PSM) | VEN- AZA | 138 (85) | 71 (59–83) | De novo:84 Secondary:44 Therapy-related:10 | 0–1: 74; ≥ 2: 18; Unknown: 46 | Favorable:6; Intermediate15; adverse:30; unknown87 | NA | NA | 61(44.2) | NA | 11.3 | NA |
IC (Ara-C + anthracycline; cladribine/fludarabine -based regimens;) | 138 (78) | 69 (59–79) | De novo:84 Secondary:44 Therapy-related:10 | 0–1: 65; ≥ 2: 22; Unknown: 51 | Favorable:9; Intermediate:7; adverse:41; unknown:81 | NA | NA | 84(60.9) | NA | 17.7 | NA | ||||
Short 2022 [18] | United States/ 2004–2021 | ts-AML | retrospective | VEN- HMAs | 54 | 71 (42–84) | Prior therapies: 54 | NA | Diploid:16; Non-diploid, non-adverse:7; Adverse:25; unknown: 6 | 14 | 21 | 29 | 4 | 5.8 | 47 |
IC (7 + 3/cladribine/fludarabine- based regimens ± other agent) | 271 | 65 (21–91) | Prior therapies: 271 | NA | Diploid:82 Non-diploid; non-adverse:56 Adverse:111; unknown:22 | 43 | 64 | 82 | 27 | 4.5 | 47 | ||||
Wang 2023 [19] | China/ 2015–2023 | ND-AML with RUNX1:: RUNX1 T1 | retrospective (PSM) | VEN- HMAs | 18 (12) | 39.5 (17–69) | NA | 0–1: 13; ≥ 2: 5 | NA | 2 | 5 | 5 | NA | NR | 14.8 |
IC (7 + 3) | 34 (18) | 41.5 (16–59) | NA | 0–1: 23; ≥ 2: 11 | NA | 18 | 21 | 22 | NA | NR | 28.6 | ||||
Jin 2024 [20] | China/ 2020–2023 | ND-AML with RUNX1:: RUNX1 T1 | retrospective (PSM) | VEN -HMAs | 20 (7) | < 65 (13) ≥ 65 (7) | De novo:19 Secondary 1 | ≤ 2:10; > 2:10 | Favorable:20; Intermediate:0; adverse:0 | NA | NA | 8 | NA | NR | NA |
IC (Ara-C + anthracycline; HAG; cladribine- based regimens) | 20 (10) | < 65 (13) ≥ 65 (7) | De novo:19 Secondary: 1 | ≤ 2:11; > 2:9 | Favorable:18; Intermediate:0; adverse:0; missing:2 | NA | NA | 18 | NA | NR | NA | ||||
LIU 2024 [21] | China/ 2021–2022 | ND-AML | retrospective (PSM) | VEN- AZA | 25 (18) | 70 (60–75) | NA | < 2: 0; ≥ 2: 25 | Favorable0; Intermediate:18 Adverse:7 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 3 | NR | 8 |
IC (7 + 3) | 25 (16) | 63 (60–75) | NA | < 2: 0; ≥ 2: 25 | Favorable0; Intermediate:18 Adverse:7 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 1 | NR | 12 | ||||
Daver 2023 [22] | United States/ 2014–2021/ EHR | ND-AML with TP53 Mutation or del17p | retrospective | VEN -HMAs | 94 (56) | 75 (69–80) | Secondary: 32 therapy‐related:15 Prior HMAs:10 | 0–1: 48; ≥ 2: 21 Missing: 25 | Adverse: 75 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.4 | 6 |
IC (Ara-C + anthracycline; cladribine/fludarabine -based regimens; MEC) | 135 (75) | 62 (56–68) | Secondary: 37 therapy‐related:11 Prior HMAs:7 | 0–1:43; ≥ 2: 9 Missing: 83 | Adverse:62 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 9.4 | 7 | ||||
Bewersdorf 2024 [23] | United States/ NA | ND-AML with IDH1/2 mutation | retrospective | VEN -HMAs | 70 (38) | 75 (60–88) | Secondary: 22 Therapy-related:11 Prior HMAs:5 | NA | Favorable: 16; Intermediate: 9 Adverse: 39 | 32 | 47 | NA | NA | 13.8 | NA |
IC (conventional or CPX-351 ± third agent) | 81 (48) | 67 (60–76) | Secondary: 16 Therapy-related:13 Prior HMAs:12 | NA | Favorable:20; Intermediate: 11 Adverse: 39 | 53 | 54 | NA | NA | 25.3 | NA | ||||
Salhotra 2021 [24] | United States/ 2018–2020 | Secondary AML | retrospective | VEN- DEC | 30 (14) | 63 (35–72) | Secondary16: Therapy-related:10 Prior HMAs:4 | NA | Favorable:0: Intermediate:6; Adverse: 24 | 14 | 21 | NA | NA | 10.1 | 9.9 |
IC (CPX-351) | 20 (13) | 63 (43–73) | Secondary:7 Therapy-related:6 Prior HMAs:7 | NA | Favorable:0; Intermediate:10; Advers:10 | 6 | 10 | NA | NA | 11.3 | 11.3 | ||||
Shimony 2024 [25] | United States/ / | molecularly defined s- AML | retrospective | VEN- HMAs | 162 (105) | 74 (25–89) | Secondary: 72 Therapy-related:30 Prior therapies:46 | NA | Adverse:162 | NA | 91 | NA | 4 | 15 | NA |
IC (7 + 3) | 167 (120) | 63 (22–78) | Secondary: 45 Therapy-related:24 Prior therapies:33 | NA | Adverse:167 | NA | 94 | NA | 5 | 22 | NA | ||||
IC (CPX-351) | 66 (42) | 66 (44–76) | Secondary: 52 Therapy-related:12 Prior therapies:33 | NA | Adverse:66 | NA | 29 | NA | 3 | 12 | NA | ||||
Zhao 2023 [26] | Canada/ 2015–2021 | ND-AML With TP53 mutation | retrospective | VEN- AZA | 10 (6) | 72.0 (55.2–83.1) | De novo: 7 Secondary: 1 Therapy-related: 2 | NA | Adverse:10 | 5 | NA | NA | NA | 12 | NA |
IC (FLAG -IDA; 3 + 7; CPX-351) | 57 (32) | 63.7 (34.3–76.7) | De novo: 46 Secondary: 7 Therapy-related:4 | NA | Adverse: 57 | 29 | NA | NA | NA | 10.8 | NA | ||||
Lachowiez 2020 [27] | United States/ 2007–2019 | ND-AML with NPM1 mutation | retrospective | VEN- HMAs | 28 | 71 (NA) | De novo: 25 Secondary: 1 Therapy-related: 2 | 0–1: 15; 2–3: 9; | Favorable: 24; Intermediate:0 Adverse: 4 | 25 | 27 | NA | 1 | NR | NA |
IC (Ara-C + anthracycline ± other agents) | 228 | 55 (NA) | De novo: 213 Secondary:4 Therapy-related: 11 | 0–1: 180; 2–3: 27; | Favorable: 183; Intermediate: 4 Adverse: 11 | 193 | 204 | NA | 9 | 44 | NA |