Fig. 3

Parameter Importance at the Population and Individual Levels. Note: the mean Shap values of parameters were calculated basing on XGBoost algorithm. A The dotchart presented parameters importance in the total participant level. The dot’s position on the x axis showed the impact that parameter had on the model’s prediction. B The waterfall chart demonstrated parameter importance in the individual level. Abbreviation: PHLF, post-hepatectomy liver failure; ICGR15, intraoperative indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; MELD, End-stage Liver Disease; ALBI, Albumin-Bilirubin; FIB-4, Fibrosis-4; sFLR, standardized future liver remnant; HPO, hepatic portal occlusion