Fig. 7

Graphical illustration of the working model. In ODSCC, upregulated INHBA mediates crosstalk between INHBA+Mac and iCAF via the INHBA-ACVR1/ACVR2A/ACVR2B ligand-receptor axis, activating the SMAD signaling pathway to induce Treg differentiation and functionally exert immunosuppressive activity