Fig. 3

Potential hub targets identified via PPI analysis. (A). The network, visualized in Cytoscape 3.9.0, consists of 76 nodes representing target proteins and 567 edges denoting interactions between them. (B). The hub genes, including VEGFA, EGFR, SRC, STAT3, CASP3, FGF2, HSP90AA1, IL2, PI3KCA, and GRB2, were highlighted, representing key targets with high connectivity and potential roles