Fig. 11

Immune infiltration analysis in high- and low-risk HNSCC patients. Box plots comparing ESTIMATE score, immune score, and stromal score between high- and low-risk groups (a). Heatmap displaying the infiltration levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in high- and low-risk groups based on ssGSEA (b). Violin plots showing the distribution of immune cell infiltration levels between high- and low-risk groups (c). Abbreviations: HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; ssGSEA, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns: not significant