Development and validation of a prediction model for early recurrence in upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy

Table 2 Exploring risk factors for early recurrence using univariate and multivariate logistic regression

Variables	Univariate			Multivariate
Variables	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Age	1.38	1.14–1.68	0.001	1.21	0.98–1.48	0.072
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	0.79	0.60–1.03	0.084
ECOG
0–1	Reference			Reference
2–4	2.02	1.26–3.22	0.003	1.64	0.96–2.80	0.071
DM
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	1.67	1.25–2.23	< 0.001	1.40	1.01–1.93	0.041
ESRD/Renal insufficiency
No	Reference
Yes	0.98	0.75–1.29	0.883
Smoking
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	1.46	1.05–2.03	0.025	1.41	0.98–2.03	0.067
Tumor side
Unilateral	Reference
Bilateral	1.11	0.26–4.72	0.887
Preoperative hydronephrosis
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	1.80	1.37–2.38	< 0.001	1.34	0.98–1.82	0.065
Tumor location
Ureter	Reference			Reference
Renal pelvis	1.36	1.02–1.80	0.036	1.20	0.87–1.66	0.261
Tumor grade
Low grade	Reference			Reference
High grade	5.57	2.61–11.89	< 0.001	1.68	0.76–3.73	0.199
Multifocality
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	3.45	2.57–4.65	< 0.001	2.91	2.12–3.98	< 0.001
Lympho-vascular invasion
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	5.60	4.24–7.39	< 0.001	2.52	1.86–3.41	< 0.001
Tumor necrosis
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	2.81	2.06–3.82	< 0.001	1.78	1.27–2.50	< 0.001
Pathologic T stage
pTis/pTa/pT1	Reference			Reference
pT2	5.34	2.99–9.55	< 0.001	4.12	2.26–7.49	< 0.001
pT3	17.58	10.62–20.10	< 0.001	9.90	5.82–16.85	< 0.001
Lymph node dissection
No	Reference
Yes	1.27	0.93–1.74	0.138
Adjuvant chemotherapy
No	Reference
Yes	1.31	0.90–1.89	0.158

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