Table 1 Clinical and pathologic characteristics of early and late recurrence group
Variables | Early recurrence (N = 231) | Late recurrence (N = 365) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | ||
Age | |||||
 < 70 | 103 | 44.6 | 192 | 52.6 | 0.056 |
 ≥ 70 | 128 | 55.4 | 173 | 47.4 | |
Sex | |||||
 Male | 109 | 47.2 | 164 | 44.9 | 0.590 |
 Female | 122 | 52.8 | 201 | 55.1 | |
ECOG | |||||
 0 | 128 | 55.4 | 236 | 64.7 | 0.081 |
 1 | 81 | 35.1 | 110 | 30.1 | |
 2 | 20 | 8.7 | 17 | 4.7 | |
 3 | 1 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.5 | |
 4 | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.0 | |
DM | |||||
 No | 157 | 68.0 | 281 | 77.0 | 0.015 |
 Yes | 74 | 32.0 | 84 | 23.0 | |
ESRD/Renal insufficiency | |||||
 No | 90 | 39.0 | 158 | 43.3 | 0.296 |
 Yes | 141 | 61.0 | 207 | 56.7 | |
Smoking | |||||
 No | 183 | 79.2 | 297 | 81.4 | 0.518 |
 Yes | 48 | 20.8 | 68 | 18.6 | |
Tumor side | |||||
 Unilateral | 229 | 99.1 | 363 | 99.5 | 0.643 |
 Bilateral | 2 | 0.9 | 2 | 0.5 | |
Preoperative hydronephrosis | |||||
 No | 82 | 35.5 | 137 | 37.5 | 0.615 |
 Yes | 149 | 64.5 | 228 | 62.5 | |
Tumor location | |||||
 Ureter | 74 | 32.0 | 152 | 41.6 | 0.018 |
 Renal pelvis | 157 | 68.0 | 213 | 58.4 | |
Grade | |||||
 Low grade | 7 | 3.0 | 27 | 7.4 | 0.025 |
 High grade | 224 | 97.0 | 338 | 92.6 | |
Multifocality | |||||
 No | 64 | 27.7 | 88 | 24.1 | 0.326 |
 Yes | 167 | 72.3 | 277 | 75.9 | |
Lympho-vascular invasion | |||||
 No | 124 | 53.7 | 286 | 78.4 |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 107 | 46.3 | 79 | 21.6 | |
Tumor necrosis | |||||
 No | 167 | 72.3 | 302 | 82.7 | 0.002 |
 Yes | 64 | 27.7 | 63 | 17.3 | |
Pathologic T stage | |||||
 pTis/pTa/pT1 | 17 | 7.4 | 97 | 26.6 |  < 0.001 |
 pT2 | 37 | 16.0 | 76 | 20.8 | |
 pT3 | 177 | 76.6 | 192 | 52.6 | |
Lymph node dissection | |||||
 No | 176 | 76.2 | 301 | 82.5 | 0.061 |
 Yes | 55 | 23.8 | 64 | 17.5 | |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | |||||
 No | 195 | 84.4 | 293 | 80.3 | 0.201 |
 Yes | 36 | 15.6 | 72 | 19.7 | |
Regimen of adjuvant chemotherapy | |||||
 Cisplatin-based | 11 | 30.6 | 20 | 27.8 | 0.867 |
 Carboplatin-based | 10 | 27.8 | 24 | 33.3 | |
 MVAC | 5 | 13.9 | 12 | 16.7 | |
 Others | 10 | 27.8 | 16 | 22.2 | |
Intravesical recurrence | |||||
 No | 120 | 51.9 | 179 | 49.1 |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 45 | 19.5 | 146 | 40.0 | |
Unknown | 66 | 28.6 | 40 | 10.9 | |
Upper tract extra-urothelial recurrence | |||||
 No | 142 | 61.5 | 252 | 69.1 | 0.062 |
 Yes | 44 | 19.0 | 45 | 12.3 | |
Unknown | 45 | 19.5 | 68 | 18.6 | |
Lower tract extra-urothelial recurrence | |||||
 No | 156 | 67.5 | 263 | 72.1 | 0.180 |
 Yes | 32 | 13.9 | 33 | 9.0 | |
Unknown | 43 | 18.6 | 69 | 18.9 | |
Lymph node recurrence | |||||
 No | 100 | 43.3 | 175 | 47.9 | 0.537 |
 Yes | 89 | 38.5 | 130 | 35.6 | |
 Unknown | 42 | 18.2 | 60 | 16.4 | |
Distant metastasis | |||||
 No | 55 | 23.8 | 105 | 28.8 | 0.274 |
 Yes | 161 | 69.7 | 231 | 63.3 | |
 Unknown | 15 | 6.5 | 29 | 7.9 | |