Table 2 MRI image features in different cohort
Characteristics | Training cohort and internal validation Cohort (n = 117) | External validation cohort (n = 33) | Prospective validation cohort (n = 30) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cholangiocyte phenotype (-) (N = 77) | cholangiocyte phenotype (+) (N = 40) | cholangiocyte phenotype (-) (N = 21) | cholangiocyte phenotype (+) (N = 12) | cholangiocyte phenotype (-) (N = 21) | cholangiocyte phenotype (+) (N = 9) | |
Tumor margin | ||||||
 Absent | 35 (45.5%) | 8 (20.0%) | 7 (33.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | 1 (11.1%) |
 Present | 42 (54.5%) | 32 (80.0%) | 14 (66.7%) | 10 (83.3%) | 11 (52.4%) | 8 (88.9%) |
Tumor capsule | ||||||
 Absent | 31 (40.3%) | 5 (12.5%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 11 (52.4%) | 3 (33.3%) |
 Present | 46 (59.7%) | 35 (87.5%) | 16 (76.2%) | 11 (91.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | 6 (66.7%) |
Cystic or necrosis portion | ||||||
 Absent | 52 (67.5%) | 18 (45.0%) | 8 (38.1%) | 4 (33.3%) | 12 (57.1%) | 6 (66.7%) |
 Present | 25 (32.5%) | 22 (55.0%) | 13 (61.9%) | 8 (66.7%) | 9 (42.9%) | 3 (33.3%) |
Fat deposition | ||||||
 Absent | 66 (85.7%) | 34 (85.0%) | 18 (85.7%) | 10 (83.3%) | 18 (85.7%) | 8 (88.9%) |
 Present | 11 (14.3%) | 6 (15.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 3 (14.3%) | 1 (11.1%) |
Signal intensity on T2WI | ||||||
 Absent | 39 (50.6%) | 15 (37.5%) | 4 (19.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | 10 (47.6%) | 5 (55.6%) |
 Present | 38 (49.4%) | 25 (62.5%) | 17 (81.0%) | 8 (66.7%) | 11 (52.4%) | 4 (44.4%) |
Hemorrhage | ||||||
 Absent | 56 (72.7%) | 30 (75.0%) | 12 (57.1%) | 9 (75.0%) | 15 (71.4%) | 7 (77.8%) |
 Present | 21 (27.3%) | 10 (25.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | 3 (25.0%) | 6 (28.6%) | 2 (22.2%) |
Target sign on DWI | ||||||
 Absent | 57 (74.0%) | 24 (60.0%) | 15 (71.4%) | 9 (75.0%) | 17 (81.0%) | 9 (100%) |
 Present | 20 (26.0%) | 16 (40.0%) | 6 (28.6%) | 3 (25.0%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0 (0%) |
Target sign on HBP | ||||||
 Absent | 69 (89.6%) | 27 (67.5%) | 21 (100%) | 9 (75.0%) | 18 (85.7%) | 3 (33.3%) |
 Present | 8 (10.4%) | 13 (32.5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (25.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | 6 (66.7%) |
Arterial rim enhancement | ||||||
 Absent | 43 (55.8%) | 14 (35.0%) | 6 (28.6%) | 2 (16.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | 4 (44.4%) |
 Present | 34 (44.2%) | 26 (65.0%) | 15 (71.4%) | 10 (83.3%) | 11 (52.4%) | 5 (55.6%) |
Peritumoral enhancement | ||||||
 Absent | 49 (63.6%) | 17 (42.5%) | 9 (42.9%) | 3 (25.0%) | 12 (57.1%) | 3 (33.3%) |
 Present | 28 (36.4%) | 23 (57.5%) | 12 (57.1%) | 9 (75.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | 6 (66.7%) |
Peritumoral hypointensity | ||||||
 Absent | 52 (67.5%) | 17 (42.5%) | 11 (52.4%) | 4 (33.3%) | 16 (76.2%) | 5 (55.6%) |
 Present | 25 (32.5%) | 23 (57.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 8 (66.7%) | 5 (23.8%) | 4 (44.4%) |
Satellite nodules | ||||||
 Absent | 59 (76.6%) | 21 (52.5%) | 15 (71.4%) | 6 (50.0%) | 20 (95.2%) | 6 (66.7%) |
 Present | 18 (23.4%) | 19 (47.5%) | 6 (28.6%) | 6 (50.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 3 (33.3%) |
Tumor size | ||||||
 Median (Min, Max) | 36.0 (11.9, 117) | 39.9 (14.1, 132) | 62.3 (17.7, 158) | 57.2 (17.2, 125) | 40.0 (11.2, 120) | 34.3 (26.2, 89.9) |
ADC | ||||||
 Median (Min, Max) | 1030 (462, 2140) | 956 (628, 1910) | 904 (656, 1550) | 957 (798, 1530) | 845 (674, 1410) | 892 (752, 1200) |
T1rtpre | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 1310 ± 250 | 1440 ± 275 | 1500 ± 288 | 1550 ± 345 | 1280 ± 264 | 1430 ± 229 |
T1rt20min | ||||||
 Median (Min, Max) | 790 (420, 1260) | 847 (495, 1410) | 877 (630, 1440) | 969 (759, 1410) | 747 (340, 991) | 812 (550, 1410) |
rrT1rt | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 0.399 ± 0.128 | 0.389 ± 0.120 | 0.369 ± 0.126 | 0.334 ± 0.113 | 0.437 ± 0.144 | 0.396 ± 0.162 |