Fig. 5

ADORA2B-based nomogram and prognostic evaluation in HNSC. Nomogram integrating ADORA2B expression and clinicopathological factors for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in HNSC patients (a). Calibration curves showing the agreement between nomogram-predicted and actual survival probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years (b). Time-dependent C-index comparison between the nomogram and ADORA2B expression alone (c). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of HNSC patients stratified by nomogram scores (d). ROC curves for the nomogram predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (e). Abbreviations: HNSC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; OS, overall survival; Concordance index, C-index; ROC, receiver operating characteristic