Fig. 1

A Flow chart of the study. B. Survival time distribution from colon cancer diagnosis to death or last follow-up. Each vertical bar represents an individual diagnosed with colon cancer, illustrating the time from diagnosis to either death (red) or the last follow-up point (blue). Blue bars indicate participants who survived until the study’s end, while red bars denote those who succumbed to the disease during the follow-up period. Poor survivors referred to the patients who survived less than the median survival time of deceased patients (1.17 years), while super survivors described patients who lived beyond two-thirds of the observed survival time (6.08 years)