Table 2 Univariate and multivariable analyses of factors affecting overall survival

Baseline characteristics

 Age ≥ 80 years

1.33

0.90–1.97

0.152

1.33

0.84–2.12

0.219

 Sex, Female

1.18

0.81–1.70

0.386

 BMI < 22 kg/m²

1.04

0.73–1.49

0.808

 ECOG PS of 0

0.46

0.21–0.66

< 0.001

0.63

0.42–0.95

0.031

Tumor characteristics

 Primary tumor sites, Gallbladder

2.81

1.86–4.26

< 0.001

2.00

1.28–3.11

< 0.001

 Recurrence

0.93

0.57–1.49

0.763

Laboratory values

 NLR ≥ 2.6

1.63

1.15–2.33

0.007

1.76

1.18–2.61

0.005

 Albumin < 3.5 g/dL

1.66

1.16–2.36

0.005

1.28

0.84–1.95

0.249

 CRP ≥ 1.0 mg/dL

2.18

1.52–3.14

< 0.001

1.79

1.17–2.73

0.007

 CEA ≥ 5.0 ng/mL

2.25

1.56–3.24

< 0.001

2.00

1.31–3.02

0.001

 CA 19 − 9 ≥ 37.0 ng/mL

2.08

1.42–3.03

< 0.001

1.10

0.71–1.67

0.666

Treatment

 Biliary drainage

0.70

0.49–1.00

0.053

 Combination therapy

0.70

0.48–1.01

0.058

1.08

0.69–1.73

0.716

 Second-line chemotherapy

0.61

0.43–0.88

0.007