Fig. 4

Metabolism of NHDF and hMSCs cells under different cultivation conditions in the individual cultivation. Metabolic activity in NHDF (A) and hMSCs (B) cells, measured using the MTS assay in a control (αMEM) medium and a mixture of αMEM and IMDM (mix) media under NX and HX. Data are shown as box and whisker plots: boxes represent the IQR, the median (horizontal line), minimum and maximum values (whiskers) and individual data points (dots) are plotted. The numbers above the boxplots indicate the mean for each group. (C) Extracellular flux analysis of NHDF and hMSCs cells cultivated under varying oxygen conditions (2d and 7 d) using the SeaHorse ATP rate assay. Data are shown as stacked bar graphs: each stacked bar reflects the sum of the two measured components (e.g., “% Glycolysis” in blue and “% Oxidative Phosphorylation” in orange). The bar height corresponds to the mean value, with error bars indicating the SD. Numbers within each segment denote the mean percentage contribution of that component. In (A) and (B), the control condition (“% of ctrl-NX αMEM 24 h”) set as 100%, represents the individual cultivation of particular cell type cultivated in a αMEM medium after 24 h under NX. Statistical analyses were performed using a nonparametric, two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test for two-sample comparisons. Statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) is indicated in the graphs using symbols that denote significant differences between the following comparisons: * = all individual cultivation samples vs. NX αMEM individual control medium at 24 h, # = HX individual cultivation samples vs. HX αMEM individual control medium at 24 h, significance brackets = differences for the same sample (i.e., the same cell type and cultivation medium) grown under NX vs. HX