Fig. 4

Baseline and follow-up axial CT images of two patients of the same age and sex, both of whom had a missense mutation but different RCC volumes at baseline. A left A male patient in his early 40 s with large RCCs (~ 6.1 cm) in both kidneys. A right The patient underwent left radical nephrectomy and right partial nephrectomy, and the 5-year follow-up CT scan shows a large recurrent RCC (4.9 cm) in the mid pole of the right kidney. B left Another male patient of the same age with small RCCs (~ 2.0 cm) in both kidneys. B right A 5-year follow-up CT scan shows relatively small increase in the size of the RCCs (~ 3.8 cm) in both kidneys. C left. Baseline axial CT image of a female patient in her 40 s with a small RCC (0.5 cm) in the upper pole of the right kidney. She underwent tumorectomy and (C, right) a 15-year follow-up axial CT scan shows no recurrence. D left Baseline axial CT image of a male patient of the same age with a RCC in the mid pole of the right kidney. He underwent right and left partial nephrectomy, followed by radiofrequency ablation for bilateral RCC during the follow-up period. D right A 15-year follow-up axial CT scan shows multiple recurrent RCCs in both kidneys