Fig. 4

MR-estimated effects of mediators. (a) MR-estimated effects of T2DM on each mediator, presented as β/ORs with 95% CIs. (b) MR-estimated effects of each mediator on PC, presented as β/ORs with 95% CIs. (c) MR-estimated effects of indirect effects of each mediator by the product of coefficients method with delta method-estimated 95%CIs. MR-estimated proportions (%) are presented with 95% CIs. T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; PC, pancreatic cancer