Fig. 3

Detailed characterization of T cells in CD8-C0-CXCL13 cluster with different H. pylori infection status. (A) Violin plots showing the expression levels of genes highly expressed in T cells of CD8-C0-CXCL13 cluster. (B) GSEA showing top enriched pathways in H. pylori + derived T cells. NES denotes normalized enrichment score. (C) Flow cytometry results showing that the expression levels of IFNγ and GZMB were upregulated, while PD1 level was downregulated in CXCL13⁺ CD8 T cells with H. pylori+. (D) Summary of selected ligand-receptor interactions between CD8⁺ T cells and epithelium. P values (permutation test) are represented by the size of each circle. The color gradient indicates the level of interaction. (E) Bulk RNA sequencing data from normal gastric mucosa tissues showing that the expression of TNFRSF1A was significantly increased in samples with H. pylori infection, while DAG1 was not changed. P value was calculated with student’s t test