Table 3 Evidence for a role of the vagus nerve in cancer development
From: Vagal nerve activity and cancer prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Year | Species | Vagal stimulation/ vagotomy | Cancer type | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nelson [4] | 1992 | Rat | Vagotomy | Colorectal tumor (DMH) | Trend towards increased incidence and yield of colorectal and duodenal tumors |
Mullan [5] | 1990 | Human | Undergone truncal vagotomy | Patients treated for peptic ulcers | Increased risk of colorectal tumors |
Toftgaard [7] | 1989 | Human | Vagotomy | Patients treated for peptic ulcers | Increased risk of stomach cancer |
Ahsberg [9] | 2009 | Human | Parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) | Patients treated for peptic ulcers | Increased risk of prostate carcinoma |
Erin [10] | 2008 | Mice | Unilateral or bilateral vagotomy | Breast carcinoma (4THM cancer cell) | Increased lung, liver and kidney metastases |
Erin [11] | 2013 | Mice | Right vagotomy or left vagotomy | Breast carcinoma (4THM cancer cell) | Increased intra- and extra-adrenal metastasis |
Bernhard [12] | 2018 | Mice | Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) | Accelerates pancreatic tumorigenesis |
Hiramoto [14] | 2017 | Mouse | Hepatic vagotomy | Liver metastasis of colorectal cancer | Exacerbation of liver metastasis and the survival rate |
Partecke [60] | 2017 | Mice | Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy | Pancreatic cancer (6606 PDA) | Enhanced tumor growth, decreased survival time, suppressed TNFα production by TAMs |
Sammi [6] | 2018 | Mistar albino rats | Pharmacological stimulation (Galantamine) | Colon cancer (DMH) | Decreased aberrant crypt focicount (ACF) |
Erin [13] | 2012 | Mice | Pharmacological stimulation (Semapimod) | Breast carcinoma (4THM cancer cell) | Increased lung and liver metastases |
Rawat [15] | 2019 | Wistar Rats | Transcutaneous auricular vague nerve stimulation(taVNS) | Colon cancer (DMH) | Counteract 1, 2-Dimethylhydrazine Induced Colon Carcinogenesis |
Dubeykovskaya [17] | 2016 | Mice | Subdiaphramatic electrical stimulation | Colon cancer | Suppression of MDSC and cancer by vagally modulated TFF2 expression |