Table 1 Global age-standardized rates and rate change attributable to occupational factors for total cancers, 1990 and 2021
From: The global burden of cancers attributable to occupational factors, 1990–2021
Factors | DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) | Deaths | DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) | Deaths | DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) | Deaths |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age-standardized rate per 100 000 population (95% UI) | Estimated annual percentage change from 1990 to 2019 (95% CI) | |||||
1990 | 1990 | 2021 | 2021 | |||
DALY rate | Death rate | DALY rate | Death rate | DALY rate | Death rate | |
Occupational carcinogens | 117.04(93.01,142.33) | 5.17(4.13,6.26) | 82.13(65.63,101.45) | 3.87(3.03,4.68) | −1.11(−5.58,3.57) | −0.85(−2.25,0.57) |
Occupational exposure to asbestos | 78.70(58.52,99.73) | 3.97(2.97,4.96) | 47.78(35.61,60.39) | 2.71(2.00,3.39) | −1.50(−5.42,2.58) | −1.08(−2.12,−0.03) |
Occupational exposure to sulfuric acid | 2.03(0.81,3.73) | 0.06(0.02,0.11) | 1.29(0.54,2.32) | 0.04(0.02,0.07) | −1.67(−1.95,−1.40) | −1.56(−4.81,1.80) |
Occupational exposure to nickel | 3.76(−0.26,10.69) | 0.12(−0.01,0.35) | 3.17(0.29,8.21) | 0.11(0.01,0.29) | −0.61(−1.81,0.60) | −0.40(−2.67,1.93) |
Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | 1.65(1.37,1.95) | 0.05(0.04,0.06) | 1.98(1.63,2.40) | 0.07(0.06,0.08) | 0.54(−0.18,1.26) | 0.76(−2.04,3.65) |
Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust | 5.83(5.04,6.73) | 0.19(0.16,0.22) | 7.09(5.93,8.33) | 0.24(0.20,0.29) | 0.59(−1.45,2.67) | 0.80(−0.70,2.31) |
Occupational exposure to beryllium | 0.10(0.08,0.12) | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | 0.10(0.08,0.12) | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | −0.11(−2.48,2.33) | 0.12(−5.65,6.26) |
Occupational exposure to silica | 21.70(8.49,34.53) | 0.71(0.28,1.13) | 17.31(7.76,27.36) | 0.61(0.26,0.96) | −0.77(−3.69,2.24) | −0.56(−1.08,−0.03) |
Occupational exposure to arsenic | 3.97(0.20,7.48) | 0.13(0.01,0.25) | 3.36(0.70,5.89) | 0.12(0.02,0.21) | −0.60(−1.85,0.67) | −0.38(−2.59,1.87) |
Occupational exposure to cadmium | 0.23(0.19,0.28) | 0.01(0.01,0.01) | 0.26(0.21,0.33) | 0.01(0.01,0.01) | 0.32(−1.07,1.74) | 0.55(−4.29,5.64) |
Occupational exposure to formaldehyde | 0.85(0.65,1.07) | 0.02(0.01,0.02) | 0.67(0.53,0.84) | 0.01(0.01,0.02) | −1.07(−1.50,−0.64) | −1.01(−5.31,3.48) |
Occupational exposure to chromium | 0.47(0.41,0.54) | 0.02(0.01,0.02) | 0.57(0.48,0.68) | 0.02(0.02,0.02) | 0.56(−0.04,1.16) | 0.79(−3.29,5.03) |
Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene | 0.02(0.00,0.04) | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | 0.03(0.01,0.05) | 0.00(0.00,0.00) | 1.21(−2.50,5.07) | 1.26(−5.93,8.99) |
Occupational exposure to benzene | 1.15(0.35,1.85) | 0.02(0.01,0.04) | 1.05(0.30,1.72) | 0.02(0.01,0.04) | −0.40(−0.49,−0.31) | −0.31(−4.21,3.74) |