Fig. 3

Metformin induces expression of PPARγ in C4–2 and 22Rv1 but not PC-3 prostate cancer cells. C4-2, 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells were treated for 24 hours with either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) vehicle or metformin (5–10 mM). Total RNA was then extracted from treated cells. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the amount of PARP1, PPARγ mRNA and 18S rRNA in each sample. The ΔΔCT method was used to calculate the relative amount of PARP1 and PPARG in treated cells. Each bar represents the mean −/+ SEM for three independent samples. *, P < 0.05 compared to PBS control