Fig. 5

Toxicity analysis. (a) PLS-DA analysis showing significant microbiome differences between LC patients who experienced toxicities and those who did not using different grouping methods of irAE severities, e.g. grade 0 vs. grade 1 + 2 + 3 + 4; grade 0 + 1 vs. grade 2 + 3 + 4; and grade 0 vs. 1 + 2 vs. 3 + 4. (b) Normalized abundances of Bifidobacterium (phylum Actinobacteria) and Desulfovibrio (phylum Proteobacteria) showed enrichment in both bacteria in patients who developed less irAEs. All differences were statistically significant irrespective of categorization of AE severity